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Lesson 3

Transportation

Use subways, buses, and taxis and ask for directions in Korea.

Korea's public transportation system is one of the best in the world, and Seoul Metro in particular is highly navigable even for non-Korean speakers. Stations are numbered as well as named, and announcements are in Korean, English, Japanese, and Chinese. The key vocabulary covers transit modes (지하철 subway, 버스 bus, 택시 taxi, 기차 train) and transit verbs (타다 to board, 내리다 to get off, 갈아타다 to transfer).

For asking directions, the phrase pattern is 어떻게 가요? (how do I get there?) attached to a destination: 강남역 어떻게 가요? (how do I get to Gangnam Station?). Modern Korea relies heavily on Naver Map and Kakao Map for navigation; both apps work entirely in Korean but also support English. For taxis, the basic communication is your destination + 가 주세요 (please take me to ~). Kakao Taxi is the Uber equivalent and works in English. Cash and T-money card are both accepted across the system.

~아/어야 하다 — Must / Have to

Verb stem + 아/어야 하다 = must/have to. Same vowel rule applies. 가다 → 가야 해요 (must go), 먹다 → 먹어야 해요 (must eat).

여기서 갈아타야 해요.yeogiseo garataya haeyoYou have to transfer here.
표를 사야 해요.pyoreul saya haeyoYou have to buy a ticket.

~(으)세요 — Polite Instruction / Suggestion

Verb stem + (으)세요 is a polite way to give directions or instructions. Consonant → 으세요, vowel → 세요. Commonly used when giving directions.

오른쪽으로 도세요.oreunjjogeuro doseyoTurn right.
두 정거장 더 가세요.du jeongeojang deo gaseyoGo two more stops.
지하철jihacheolsubway
Examples지하철로 가는 게 빨라요.jihacheollro ganeun ge ppallayoGoing by subway is faster.
버스beoseubus
Examples몇 번 버스를 타야 해요?myeot beon beoseureul taya haeyo?Which bus number should I take?
택시taeksitaxi
Examples택시 타고 갈게요.taeksi tago galgeyoI'll go by taxi.
내리다naeridato get off
Examples다음 역에서 내려요.daeum yeogeseo naeryeoyoI get off at the next station.
갈아타다garatadato transfer
Examples삼호선으로 갈아타세요.samhoseoneumo garataseyoPlease transfer to Line 3.
gilroad / way
Examples이 길로 쭉 가세요.i gillro jjuk gaseyoGo straight down this road.